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Corona viruses are a group of related viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses) and others that can be fatal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause disease of the upper respiratory tract, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea. There are still vaccines or antiviral medications to prevent or treat human corona virus infections.
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Corona viruses constitute the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, in the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales and the Riboviria kingdom. They are viruses enveloped with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a helically symmetrical nucleocapsid. The size of the coronavirus genome ranges from approximately 27 to 34 kilobases, the largest among known RNA viruses. The name coronavirus is derived from the Latin corona, meaning "corona" or "halo," which refers to the characteristic appearance reminiscent of a corona or solar corona around virions (virus particles) when viewed under electron microscopy. two-dimensional transmission, because the surface is covered with stick-shaped protein spikes.
Coronviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection in domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses were isolated, the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV).
Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. The first studied were from human patients with the common cold, later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43. Other human coronaviruses have been identified since then, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Most of them have involved severe tract infections. respiratory.
The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona, which means "crown" or "crown", itself taken from the Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, crown". The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infectious form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large bulbous surface projections that create an image reminiscent of a corona or a solar corona. This morphology is created by viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.
- Clean your hands regularly and thoroughly with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or wash with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer kills viruses that may be on your hands.
- Keep at least 1 meter (3 feet) away from you and others. Why? When someone coughs, sneezes, or talks, they spray small drops of liquid from their nose or mouth that may contain viruses. If you are too close, you can breathe in the drops, including the COVID-19 virus if the person has the disease.
- Avoid going to crowded places. Why? When people gather in crowds, they are more likely to have close contact with someone who has COIVD-19, and it is more difficult to maintain a physical distance of 1 meter (3 feet).
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. Why? The hands touch many surfaces and can detect viruses. Once contaminated, the hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect it.
- Make sure that you and those around you follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or handkerchief when you cough or sneeze. Then discard the used tissue immediately and wash your hands. Why? The drops spread the virus. By following good respiratory hygiene, you protect people around you from viruses like the cold, flu, and COVID-19.
- Stay home and self-clean even with minor symptoms like cough, headache, mild fever, until you recover. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your home, wear a mask to avoid infecting others. Why?
- If you have a fever, cough, and shortness of breath, seek medical attention, but phone ahead if possible and follow the instructions of your local health authority. Why?Calling ahead will allow your healthcare provider to quickly direct you to the right health center.
- Stay up-to-date on the latest information from reliable sources, such as WHO or local and national health authorities. Why? Local and national authorities are in a better position to advise on what people in their area should do to protect themselves.
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